A painting a day

One great painting a day, in the order they were made.

The rest of this site is about what art costs. This corner is about why people pay. Every day a new painting appears at the top of the front page, in grey until you reach for it. Click it and you get its story, the details to look for, and one thing you probably did not know.

The list runs in date order, from 1434 to 1913. One step a day, then it starts again — so a week of visits is a week of art history, in order. Every reader sees the same painting on the same day.

Girl with a Pearl Earring, Johannes VermeerTodayGirl with a Pearl EarringJohannes Vermeer · c. 1665 · Mauritshuis, The Hague

The list

38 paintings · 1434–1913 · all in the public domain

No.PaintingArtistDateWhere to see it
1The Arnolfini PortraitJan van Eyck1434The National Gallery, London
2The Birth of VenusSandro Botticellic. 1484–1486Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence
3The Garden of Earthly DelightsHieronymus Boschc. 1490–1510Museo del Prado, Madrid
4Mona LisaLeonardo da Vincic. 1503–1519Musée du Louvre, Paris
5The Creation of AdamMichelangeloc. 1508–1512Sistine Chapel ceiling, Vatican City
6The AmbassadorsHans Holbein the Younger1533The National Gallery, London
7The Hunters in the SnowPieter Bruegel the Elder1565Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna
8The Calling of Saint MatthewCaravaggio1599–1600Contarelli Chapel, San Luigi dei Francesi, Rome
9Judith Slaying HolofernesArtemisia Gentileschic. 1612–1613Museo di Capodimonte, Naples
10The Night WatchRembrandt van Rijn1642Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam
11Las MeninasDiego Velázquez1656Museo del Prado, Madrid
12The MilkmaidJohannes Vermeerc. 1658–1660Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam
13Girl with a Pearl Earring todayJohannes Vermeerc. 1665Mauritshuis, The Hague
14Self-Portrait with Two CirclesRembrandt van Rijnc. 1665–1669Kenwood House, London
15The SwingJean-Honoré Fragonardc. 1767The Wallace Collection, London
16The Third of May 1808Francisco Goya1814Museo del Prado, Madrid
17Wanderer above the Sea of FogCaspar David Friedrichc. 1818Hamburger Kunsthalle, Hamburg
18The Raft of the MedusaThéodore Géricault1818–1819Musée du Louvre, Paris
19The Hay WainJohn Constable1821The National Gallery, London
20Liberty Leading the PeopleEugène Delacroix1830Musée du Louvre, Paris
21The Fighting TemeraireJ. M. W. Turner1839The National Gallery, London
22OpheliaJohn Everett Millais1851–1852Tate Britain, London
23The GleanersJean-François Millet1857Musée d'Orsay, Paris
24OlympiaÉdouard Manet1863Musée d'Orsay, Paris
25Whistler's Mother (Arrangement in Grey and Black No. 1)James McNeill Whistler1871Musée d'Orsay, Paris
26Impression, SunriseClaude Monet1872Musée Marmottan Monet, Paris
27Bal du moulin de la GalettePierre-Auguste Renoir1876Musée d'Orsay, Paris
28Madame X (Madame Pierre Gautreau)John Singer Sargent1883–1884The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
29A Sunday on La Grande JatteGeorges Seurat1884–1886Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago
30SunflowersVincent van Gogh1888The National Gallery, London
31The Lady of ShalottJohn William Waterhouse1888Tate Britain, London
32The Starry NightVincent van Gogh1889Museum of Modern Art, New York
33Tiger in a Tropical Storm (Surprised!)Henri Rousseau1891The National Gallery, London
34The ScreamEdvard Munch1893National Museum, Oslo
35The Card PlayersPaul Cézannec. 1894–1895Musée d'Orsay, Paris
36Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going?Paul Gauguin1897–1898Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
37The KissGustav Klimt1907–1908Belvedere, Vienna
38Composition VIIWassily Kandinsky1913State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow

Where they hang

Seeing one in the room is a different thing from seeing it on a screen. Every London painting on this list is free to visit: the National Gallery, Tate Britain, the Wallace Collection and Kenwood charge nothing.

London 10 · Paris 9 · Madrid 3 · Amsterdam 2 · New York 2 · Vienna 2 · Boston 1 · Chicago 1 · Florence 1 · Hamburg 1 · Moscow 1 · Naples 1 · Oslo 1 · Rome 1 · The Hague 1 · Vatican City 1

How to look at a painting

  1. Look before you read. Give the picture a full minute before the label. Most museum visitors give a painting less than thirty seconds.
  2. Find the light. Where does it come from, and what does it pick out? Painters use light to tell you what matters — Caravaggio’s beam, Goya’s lantern.
  3. Follow your eye. Notice where you look first, and where you go next. That path was planned.
  4. Check the corners. Painters hide things at the edges: Holbein’s crucifix, van Eyck’s signature, Gauguin’s title.
  5. Ask who paid. Most of these were made to order. Who wanted it, and what did they want it to say? A painting was a purchase before it was a masterpiece.
  6. Go and see it. Size changes everything. The Raft of the Medusa is about 5 by 7 metres; the Girl with a Pearl Earring is under half a metre tall.

Why we are allowed to show these

The painting. In the UK, copyright lasts for the artist’s life plus 70 years. Every artist here died long before that line — the most recent, in 1944 — so every painting is in the public domain. Each painting’s page shows the year it would be free under today’s rules.

The photograph. A faithful photo of a flat, old painting is a copy, not a new work, so it does not create a new copyright. US courts said so in 1999, EU law says so since 2019, and the UK IPO’s guidance agrees.

The file. Every image comes from Wikimedia Commons, where each file is marked public domain or CC0 (no rights reserved). Each painting’s page links to its file there.

We store none of it. The pictures are not saved on this site. When a page needs one, our server asks Commons for it and passes it straight through; the network keeps a cached copy for a while. The words are ours.

How free art got free

  • 1999In Bridgeman v. Corel, a US court rules that a faithful photograph of a public-domain painting is not a new work, so it carries no copyright of its own.
  • 2004Wikimedia Commons opens: a free library of images anyone may reuse. Every picture on these pages comes from it.
  • 2011The Google Art Project starts photographing museum paintings at enormous resolution. That is why many of the file names say “Google Art Project”.
  • 2012The Rijksmuseum opens Rijksstudio and invites the public to download, reuse and even remix its masterpieces.
  • 2017The Metropolitan Museum releases more than 375,000 images with no restrictions at all (CC0).
  • 2018The Art Institute of Chicago follows with over 50,000 images.
  • 2019The European Union writes the rule into law (Directive 2019/790, Article 14): a copy of a public-domain artwork stays in the public domain.
  • 2020The Smithsonian releases 2.8 million images. The UK Intellectual Property Office’s guidance takes the same line: a simple digital copy of an old painting is unlikely to be a new copyright work.